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US Fertility Rate vs US Agriculture Value Added

US Fertility Rate and US Agriculture Value Added correlate at r = +0.49 over 25 years (1997–2021), p = 0.014. With the time trend removed, r = -0.10. Holds up after detrending.

Verdict: Holds up after detrending. Statistically significant (p = 0.014) and the association survives trend removal (detrended r = -0.10). Correlation still isn't causation, but this one isn't an obvious artifact.

Pearson r
+0.49
p-value
0.014
Years compared (n)
25 (1997–2021)
95% confidence interval
0.11 to 0.74
Correlation with the time trend removed
-0.10

Sources

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Correlation does not imply causation. How the verdict is worked out.